Bitcoin confirmations are evidence, not a timer
Separate broadcast, block inclusion and a recipient's acceptance policy before calling a payment complete.
THE LEARNING LIBRARY
Learn crypto: practical blockchain guides.
Twenty-four practical guides. Each connects an everyday question to the mechanism underneath it. Read in order, or choose the question you need today.
LEARNING PATH
All Bitcoin coverage Bitcoin
What a Bitcoin reorganisation actually changes
Follow a payment through competing blocks without confusing a changed chain view with newly created money.
A PSBT is a proposal: review it like one
Understand the separation between preparing, signing and broadcasting a Bitcoin transaction.
Bitcoin privacy starts before you press send
Why addresses, change and internal labels deserve attention even when no personal name appears on-chain.
LEARNING PATH
All Ethereum coverage Ethereum
Token allowances are standing permissions
Separate a wallet connection from the authority to move ERC-20 tokens on your behalf.
Read a gas quote without confusing limits and costs
A worked fee example explaining gas used, fee ceilings and why a failed execution can still cost ETH.
A layer-2 withdrawal has more than one clock
Distinguish local execution, settlement and bridge availability when moving between networks.
Ethereum inclusion and finality answer different questions
Understand why an execution receipt, a finalised block and a completed application workflow are separate evidence.
LEARNING PATH
All Solana coverage Solana
Solana account owner: one label, two meanings
Separate the program that controls account data from the authority allowed to move tokens.
The mint address matters more than the ticker
Read a Solana token's identity and authorities without treating a name or logo as verification.
Priority fees: pay attention to the compute budget
Why a Solana fee setting involves both a unit price and a requested computation limit.
A Solana signature is not a success receipt
Interpret processed, confirmed, finalised and failed without blindly resending a payment.
LEARNING PATH
All DeFi coverage DeFi
Draw the redemption map behind a stablecoin
A peg, an issuer claim and an exchange withdrawal are three different mechanisms.
An AMM quote moves along a curve
See why the displayed pool price differs from the average price of a larger swap.
A lending health factor is a moving ratio
Understand collateral thresholds, debt growth and why one liquidation price can be an incomplete picture.
An oracle price needs a timestamp and a meaning
Check denomination, freshness and failure behaviour before treating a feed value as usable evidence.
LEARNING PATH
All Markets coverage Markets
Market capitalisation is not cash in the market
Why multiplying a price by supply cannot tell you how much holders could collectively withdraw.
Read the order book beyond the best price
A worked example of spread, depth and weighted execution across several price levels.
Three supply numbers, three different questions
Distinguish circulating, total and maximum supply before comparing token valuations.
Trading volume is activity, not available liquidity
Read volume with its time window, units and venue coverage before drawing conclusions.
LEARNING PATH
All AI & Web3 coverage AI & Web3
An AI receipt can prove integrity without proving truth
Distinguish signed provenance, factual accuracy and the identity assumptions behind a verifiable record.
Audit AI citations one claim at a time
A link can be genuine while failing to support the sentence beside it.
Give an agent a task, not an unlimited wallet
Separate read access, preparation, signing and execution when designing an AI-assisted workflow.
Reproduce the experiment, not just the prompt
Why meaningful AI evaluation needs inputs, versions, settings and an explicit definition of success.
All learning guides by topic
- Bitcoin Confirmations: How Settlement Works
- Bitcoin Reorganisations Explained
- Bitcoin PSBT: What to Check Before Signing
- Bitcoin Privacy and Transaction Recordkeeping
- Ethereum Token Allowances Explained
- Ethereum Gas Fees: Limits and Costs Explained
- Ethereum Layer-2 Withdrawals: Timing Explained
- Ethereum Inclusion vs Finality Explained
- Solana Account Owners: Programs vs Wallets
- Solana Mint Address: Verify a Token’s Identity
- Solana Priority Fees and Compute Budgets
- Solana Transactions: Signature vs Success
- Stablecoin Redemption: Follow the Asset Backing
- AMM Pricing and Swap Price Impact Explained
- DeFi Lending Health Factors Explained
- DeFi Price Oracles: Freshness and Context
- Crypto Market Cap vs Liquidity Explained
- Crypto Order Book Depth and Spreads Explained
- Circulating, Total and Maximum Token Supply
- Crypto Trading Volume vs Available Liquidity
- AI Verification Receipts: Integrity vs Truth
- How to Verify AI Citations Claim by Claim
- AI Agent Wallet Permissions and Action Limits
- Reproducible AI Results: Beyond the Prompt